While IBS is often associated with younger individuals, it is important to recognise that it can develop at any age, including later in life. Understanding IBS in later life is important because the symptoms and their management may differ from those experienced by younger individuals.
Gut health tests in the UK can help determine a number of underlying causes to your gut symptoms. However, symptoms of IBS may overlap with those of more serious conditions such as bowel cancer, which individuals are at increased risk for as they age. GP consultation is advised as medical screening tests may be required. For more information on IBS and medical screening tests, you might like to read Can IBS Cause a Positive FIT Test?
Age-related changes in the digestive system, lifestyle adjustments, and pre-existing health conditions can influence the onset and progression of IBS. By exploring how IBS can develop in later life and offering practical advice, we aim to provide valuable insights and support for those experiencing this condition during their senior years.
Can You Develop IBS Later in Life?
IBS can develop at any stage of life, including later years. Although it is often diagnosed in younger individuals, many people experience the onset of IBS symptoms for the first time in their middle age or senior years. The exact cause of IBS remains unknown, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Therefore, it is entirely possible for someone to develop IBS later in life, even if they have not experienced any previous digestive issues.
Factors Contributing to the Onset of IBS in Later Life
Several factors may contribute to the onset of IBS in later life.
Age-related changes in the digestive system can affect gut motility and sensitivity, making older adults more susceptible to IBS.
Additionally, many older adults take multiple medications for various health conditions, some of which can have side effects that impact digestive health and potentially trigger IBS symptoms.
Lifestyle and dietary changes that occur with age, such as reduced physical activity or changes in diet, can also contribute to the development of IBS.
Psychological factors, including stress and anxiety, can increase with age. This is due to various life changes that are common in this period, such as bereavement, retirement and caring responsibilities, as well as health concerns, which are known to play a significant role in the development and exacerbation of IBS symptoms [1,2].
Differences in Symptoms and Management for Older Adults
The symptoms of IBS in older adults may differ from those experienced by younger individuals, and managing these symptoms may require a different approach. Symptoms of IBS, such as abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits, can overlap with those of more serious conditions like bowel cancer. This overlap can complicate diagnosis and management, making it essential for older adults to seek medical advice for any new or worsening symptoms. We’ll explore this in more detail below.
Nutritional needs change with age, and older adults may require specific dietary adjustments to manage IBS symptoms effectively. Working with a nutritionist or functional medicine practitioner can help tailor a diet plan that considers other age-related health concerns, ensuring a comprehensive approach to managing IBS.
What Are the Symptoms of IBS Flare Up?
IBS flare-ups can present a range of symptoms that vary in severity and duration. Common symptoms include:
Abdominal Pain and Cramping: Often located in the lower abdomen, this pain can be severe and is usually relieved after a bowel movement [3].
Bloating and Gas: Excessive gas can cause discomfort and a feeling of fullness or swelling in the abdomen [3].
Diarrhoea: Frequent, loose, or watery stools are a common symptom, sometimes accompanied by an urgent need to defecate [4].
Constipation: Difficulty passing stools, infrequent bowel movements, and a feeling of incomplete evacuation are typical [3].
Alternating Diarrhoea and Constipation: Some individuals experience a mix of diarrhoea and constipation, often alternating between the two [4].
Mucus in Stool: The presence of white or clear mucus in the stool is a common sign of IBS [4].
Warning Signs That Could Indicate Something More Serious
While IBS is typically a chronic but manageable condition, certain symptoms can indicate more serious conditions such as bowel cancer. It is vitally important to seek medical investigation if any of the following warning signs occur:
- Unexplained Weight Loss: Sudden and unexplained weight loss can be a sign of a serious underlying condition [4].
- Blood in Stool: The presence of blood, either bright red or dark, in the stool requires immediate medical attention [3].
- Persistent Change in Bowel Habits: A sudden and persistent change in bowel habits, especially if it involves more severe symptoms than usual, should be evaluated [4].
- Severe Abdominal Pain: Pain that is significantly more severe than typical IBS pain or does not respond to usual management strategies [3].
- Anaemia: Symptoms like fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath can indicate anaemia, which may be caused by chronic internal bleeding [3].
Any new, severe, or persistent symptoms should prompt a visit to a healthcare provider to rule out other serious conditions. Early detection and treatment are crucial for the best outcomes in managing IBS and any other potential health issues.
How Symptoms May Differ in Later Life
In older adults, IBS symptoms can present differently or be mistaken for other conditions:
Increased Severity of Pain: Abdominal pain may be more intense and harder to manage [3]. Medical advice needs to be sought to rule out other causes.
Frequency of Symptoms: Flare-ups may occur more frequently due to age-related changes in the digestive system [3].
Overlap with Other Conditions: Symptoms may overlap with other gastrointestinal issues common in older adults, such as diverticulitis or inflammatory bowel disease [4].
Reduced Pain Sensitivity: Some older adults may have a decreased sensitivity to pain, potentially delaying the recognition and diagnosis of IBS [4].
Tips for Managing and Recognising Flare-Ups
1. Maintain a Symptom Diary
Keep a detailed record of symptoms, their frequency, and potential triggers. This can help identify patterns and triggers [4]. Note foods and drinks consumed to identify dietary triggers [4].
2. Dietary Adjustments
Gradually increase fibre intake with fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to improve bowel regularity [3]. Avoid trigger foods. Common triggers include caffeine, alcohol, fatty foods, and certain carbohydrates like fructose and lactose [4]. Drink plenty of water to help digestion and prevent constipation [4].
3. Stress Management
Practice mindfulness, yoga, or meditation to reduce stress, which can exacerbate IBS symptoms [1]. Engage in regular physical activity to promote digestive health and reduce stress [1].
4. Medications and Supplements
Antispasmodics can help reduce abdominal pain and cramping [3]. Laxatives or anti-diarrhoeals can help manage symptoms [3] depending on whether constipation or diarrhoea is predominant. Supplements containing beneficial bacteria may help maintain gut health [4].
Can You Develop IBS Suddenly?
Yes, IBS can develop suddenly, even in individuals who have not previously experienced significant gastrointestinal issues. Sudden onset IBS can be alarming and confusing, as symptoms appear abruptly and can significantly impact daily life. This rapid development can sometimes be triggered by specific events or changes in the individual’s life, but in many cases, the exact cause remains unclear.
Factors That May Contribute to Sudden Development in Later Life
Several factors may contribute to the sudden onset of IBS, particularly in later life:
Infections and Gastroenteritis
Post-infectious IBS is a well-documented phenomenon where IBS symptoms develop after a bout of gastroenteritis or other gastrointestinal infections [5]. The infection can alter gut flora, affect gut motility, and increase gut sensitivity, leading to the sudden onset of IBS.
Changes in Gut Microbiota
The balance of bacteria in the gut can change due to diet, medications (especially antibiotics), or other environmental factors. Disruptions in this balance can contribute to the development of IBS symptoms [6].
Psychological Stress
Significant life changes (such as retirement or downsizing), increased stress levels, or traumatic events such as redundancy or bereavement can trigger the sudden onset of IBS symptoms. Stress and anxiety are known to impact gut health and can exacerbate or trigger IBS [7].
Dietary Changes
Sudden changes in diet, such as increased consumption of certain trigger foods (like high-fat or high-sugar foods), can lead to the onset of IBS symptoms. Older adults may change their diets due to lifestyle changes or health recommendations, potentially triggering IBS [8].
Hormonal Changes
Hormonal fluctuations, particularly in women, can play a role in the development of IBS. Menopausal changes, for example, might contribute to the onset of symptoms in later life [9].
Medication Use
Many medications, including those commonly prescribed to older adults, can have side effects that impact the digestive system. Long-term use of medications such as NSAIDs, antibiotics, and certain blood pressure medications can lead to the development of IBS symptoms [6].
Monitoring and Medical Consultation
It’s important to monitor any sudden changes in bowel habits or gastrointestinal symptoms and seek medical advice. While IBS is a manageable condition, sudden onset of symptoms warrants a thorough medical evaluation to rule out other potentially serious conditions such as bowel cancer or inflammatory bowel disease. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms effectively and improve quality of life.
Risk Factors for Developing IBS Later in Life
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) can affect individuals at any age, but certain factors make the onset of IBS more likely as people grow older. Understanding these risk factors is crucial for early identification and management of the condition. Here are some key factors that increase the likelihood of developing IBS later in life:
Age-Related Factors
As individuals age, certain physiological changes and lifestyle adjustments can increase the risk of developing IBS. Here are specific risk factors:
- Age Over 50: The risk of developing IBS tends to increase for individuals over the age of 50 due to physiological changes in the digestive system and the cumulative effect of life stressors and health conditions [10].
- New Medications: Older adults are more likely to be prescribed medications that can impact digestive health, such as antibiotics, NSAIDs, and certain blood pressure medications. These can alter gut flora and motility, increasing the risk of IBS [6].
Influence of Stress, Diet, and Lifestyle Changes
Certain lifestyle and dietary changes specific to older adults can predispose them to IBS:
- Recent Major Life Changes: Retirement, loss of loved ones, or moving to a new home can significantly increase stress levels, which is a known trigger for IBS [13].
- Dietary Modifications: Individuals who significantly change their diet due to health concerns or personal preferences may be at risk. For example, reducing fibre intake due to difficulty chewing or avoiding certain foods because of digestive discomfort can lead to IBS symptoms [14].
Pre-existing Health Conditions
The presence of other health conditions can also raise the risk of developing IBS in later life:
- Chronic Diseases: Conditions like diabetes, thyroid disorders, and autoimmune diseases can affect the digestive system, increasing the likelihood of developing IBS [16].
- History of Gastrointestinal Infections: Individuals with a history of severe or recurrent gastrointestinal infections are at higher risk for post-infectious IBS, which can develop later in life [5].
- Mental Health Conditions: Older adults with anxiety, depression, or other mental health issues are at increased risk due to the strong connection between the gut and brain, known as the gut-brain axis [17].
By recognising these risk factors, you can work with your nutritionist and healthcare provider to better identify and manage IBS, ensuring timely and effective treatment. We’ll look at this in more detail below.
Managing IBS in Later Life
Managing IBS in later life requires a comprehensive approach that addresses both the physiological and psychological aspects of the condition. Here are some effective management strategies:
Personalised Treatment Plans
A tailored approach that considers the individual’s specific symptoms, health history, and lifestyle is key. This might include a combination of dietary changes, medication, and stress management techniques [3, 4].
Regular Physical Activity
Engaging in regular physical exercise can help improve gut motility and reduce stress, which are both important in managing IBS symptoms [15].
Stress Management Techniques
Techniques such as mindfulness, meditation, yoga, and cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) can be very effective in managing stress, which is a significant trigger for IBS [1, 13].
Dietary Recommendations from Nutritionists
Diet plays a pivotal role in managing IBS, and nutritionists can provide valuable guidance tailored to the individual’s needs:
Low FODMAP Diet
This diet involves reducing the intake of fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs), which are known to trigger IBS symptoms. A nutritionist can help identify which foods to avoid and how to maintain a balanced diet [14, 4].
High-Fibre Foods
Gradually increasing fibre intake with fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can improve bowel regularity. However, the type and amount of fibre need to be carefully managed to avoid exacerbating symptoms [3].
Hydration
Drinking plenty of water is essential for digestive health and can help prevent constipation, a common issue in IBS management [4].
Role of Functional Medicine Practitioners
Functional medicine practitioners can offer a holistic approach to managing IBS, focusing on identifying and addressing the root causes of the condition:
Comprehensive Assessments
- Practitioners perform thorough assessments to understand the individual’s health history, lifestyle, and environmental factors that might contribute to IBS.
Personalised Treatment Plans
- Functional medicine practitioners create detailed treatment plans that include dietary adjustments, stress management techniques, and lifestyle changes tailored to the individual’s needs [16].
Integration of Therapies
- They may integrate various therapies, such as nutritional counselling, herbal supplements, and mind-body techniques, to support overall gut health and well-being [16].
By combining these strategies with the help of a functional medicine practitioner, older adults can effectively manage IBS symptoms and improve their quality of life.
Seeking Help and Treatment Options
When to Seek Professional Help
It is essential to seek professional help if you experience any of the following symptoms:
Persistent or severe IBS symptoms, unexplained weight loss, blood in the stool, or significant changes in bowel habits. These symptoms may indicate a more serious condition that requires prompt medical evaluation.
General Practitioners (GPs) are often the first point of contact. They can conduct initial assessments, provide a diagnosis, and refer you to specialists if necessary. GPs can also help manage symptoms through medication and lifestyle advice [3, 4].
Available Treatment Options
Effective management of IBS often requires a multidisciplinary approach involving various healthcare professionals. General Practitioners (GPs) can conduct initial assessments, provide a diagnosis, and prescribe medications to manage symptoms. They play a critical role in coordinating care and referring patients to specialists when necessary [3, 4].
Nutritionists and Functional Medicine Practitioners (FMPs) can work together with GPs to offer a holistic approach to managing IBS. Nutritionists provide dietary recommendations tailored to individual needs, such as the low FODMAP diet, to help reduce symptoms and improve gut health [14].
FMPs focus on identifying and addressing the root causes of IBS, integrating various therapies including nutritional counselling, herbal supplements, and mind-body techniques to support overall gut health and well-being [16].
Role of IBS Clinics in IBS Management
IBS Clinics, founded by Tracey Randell in March 2011, are a leading service in the care for gut-related health issues. Consultations are offered online via Zoom, Teams or by phone. IBS Clinics offer accessible and comprehensive support for individuals with digestive health concerns. The clinical specialists at IBS Clinics treat hundreds of patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) every year, working to pinpoint the underlying causes of IBS and ease symptoms effectively.
Typically, patients at IBS Clinics can expect to achieve significant symptom reduction by their third consultation, which usually occurs 3-4 months from the outset of investigations. The multidisciplinary team at IBS Clinics includes digestive health specialists who collaborate to provide personalised treatment plans. These plans may involve dietary adjustments, stress management techniques, and other therapies tailored to the patient’s specific needs.
By addressing both the physiological and psychological aspects of IBS, IBS Clinics aim to improve patients’ quality of life and help them manage their condition effectively. Regardless of whether you think you have IBS or another gut health issue, IBS Clinics can help address your gut health concerns. For more information and to seek help, patients are encouraged to get in touch with IBS Clinics for specialised care and support.
Long-term Outlook and Maintaining Well-being
The long-term outlook for individuals with IBS can be positive with appropriate management and support. By working closely with healthcare professionals, patients can develop effective strategies to manage their symptoms and maintain their well-being.
Regular follow-ups with GPs, adherence to dietary recommendations from nutritionists, and the holistic approach of FMPs can help individuals with IBS lead healthier and more comfortable lives. Engaging in stress management techniques, maintaining a balanced diet, and staying physically active are essential components of long-term IBS management. With the right support and resources, individuals with IBS can achieve a good quality of life and manage their condition effectively.
Conclusion
In summary, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) can develop at any age, including later in life. Understanding the symptoms, recognising potential risk factors, and knowing when to seek professional help are essential steps in managing this condition. Effective management often involves a multidisciplinary approach, with General Practitioners, nutritionists, and Functional Medicine Practitioners working together to provide comprehensive care.
IBS Clinics, as leaders in digestive health, offer specialised care and support, helping patients pinpoint the underlying causes of their symptoms and achieve significant symptom reduction within a few months. Our collaborative approach ensures that patients receive personalised treatment plans tailored to their specific needs, whether through dietary adjustments, stress management techniques, or other therapies.
If you are experiencing symptoms of IBS or have concerns about your digestive health, it is essential you seek professional advice and support. With the right care and management strategies, individuals with IBS can maintain their well-being and enjoy a good quality of life. There is always hope for effective symptom management and improved health outcomes, and with dedicated support from healthcare professionals and specialised clinics like IBS Clinics, managing IBS is entirely achievable.
References
- “Stress and Irritable Bowel Syndrome.” iResearchNet. https://psychology.iresearchnet.com/blog/psychology-of-mental-health/stress-and-irritable-bowel-syndrome-ibs/
- “Stress and IBS.” About IBS. https://aboutibs.org/understanding-and-managing-pain-in-irritable-bowel-syndrome-ibs/
- “Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) – Symptoms.” NHS UK. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/irritable-bowel-syndrome-ibs/symptoms/
- “Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) – Symptoms and Causes.” Mayo Clinic. Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/irritable-bowel-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20360016
- “Post-infectious IBS.” About IBS. Available at: https://aboutibs.org/post-infectious-ibs/
- “Gut Microbiota and IBS.” Gut Microbiota for Health. Available at: https://www.gutmicrobiotaforhealth.com/en/gut-microbiota-and-ibs/
- “Stress and IBS.” About IBS. Available at: https://aboutibs.org/understanding-and-managing-pain-in-irritable-bowel-syndrome-ibs/
- “Diet and IBS.” NHS UK. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/irritable-bowel-syndrome-ibs/diet-and-ibs/
- “Hormonal Changes and IBS.” International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders (IFFGD). Available at: https://www.iffgd.org/ibs/hormonal-changes-and-ibs
- “Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Older Adults.” Healthline. Available at: https://www.healthline.com/health/ibs-in-older-adults
- “Digestive System Changes With Aging.” Cleveland Clinic. Available at: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/14591-digestive-system-changes-with-aging
- “Gut Microbiota and IBS.” Gut Microbiota for Health. Available at: https://www.gutmicrobiotaforhealth.com/en/gut-microbiota-and-ibs/
- “Stress and IBS.” About IBS. Available at: https://aboutibs.org/understanding-and-managing-pain-in-irritable-bowel-syndrome-ibs/
- “Diet and IBS.” NHS UK. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/irritable-bowel-syndrome-ibs/diet-and-ibs/
- “Physical Activity and Digestive Health.” Harvard Health. Available at: https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/physical-activity-and-digestive-health
- “IBS and Chronic Diseases.” Mayo Clinic. Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/irritable-bowel-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20360016
- “Mental Health and IBS.” International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders (IFFGD). Available at: https://www.iffgd.org/ibs/mental-health-and-ibs
Author – Tracey Randell
At IBS Clinics, Tracey Randell, a renowned Nutritional Therapist and one of the few IFM Certified Practitioners in the UK, extends her specialised knowledge and unique approach to managing and treating IBS and other gut-related conditions effectively.
Tracey’s profound understanding of Functional Medicine allows her to connect the dots for complex health conditions, identifying and addressing the root causes to curate personalised and comprehensive health plans for her patients. Her holistic approach focuses on resolving underlying imbalances and optimising gut health, enabling the body to correct other issues and attain overall well-being.
At IBS Clinics, we are dedicated to being your partner in navigating your gut-related health concerns, offering expert care and individualised treatment plans to alleviate your IBS symptoms and enhance your quality of life.
You can read more about Tracey on our About page here.
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